Public and private commitments are catalyzing green hydrogen through its early development.
Green hydrogen is expected to fall down the cost curve even faster than wind, solar and lithium-ion. The question is will the demand be in place?
Green hydrogen is set to play a substantive role in the overall energy mix with its development likely to happen faster than anyone predicts, according to a new report by Wood Mackenzie.
The 2050: The Hydrogen Possibility report details how the project pipeline has grown nine-fold since October 2019 to a staggering 26 gigawatts. National hydrogen strategies has set targets for 66 GW of electrolyzer capacity suggesting there is plenty more growth to come.
Last month, the electrolyzer manufacturer Nel set a target of $1.5 per kilogram by 2025, a price level that would beat the traditional fossil fuel-based options. The current price is more like $4/kg.
Predictions on when green hydrogen might be competitive with existing high-carbon production methods keep accelerating.
“This is going move faster than anyone forecasts, even us. But that’s just the nature of this, because this is so dynamic,” Ben Gallagher, senior analyst at Wood Mackenzie and author of the report, said in an interview.
The EU is targeting 40 GW of electrolyzer deployment by 2030. France is eying 6.5 GW and both the U.K. and Germany have set their own 5 GW goals too.
At the same time, major utilities like RWE and Iberdrola have joined oil majors Shell, BP and Total in developing substantial early-stage green hydrogen projects.
“The European Commission’s hydrogen strategy didn’t exist a year ago. The German strategy didn’t exist a year ago, or the Netherlands’, Spain, Portugal […] China didn’t have a 2060 net-zero goal,” said Gallagher. The shift in U.S. leadership, with President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris pledging aggressive action on decarbonizing the world’s largest economy, would contribute too, he said.
“The trajectory of the green hydrogen market will be determined by the amount of policy support its early years, and the amount of corporate commitments that are made to invest in this technology. And both of those things are moving much faster than expected,” Gallagher said.
Future demand and shape of the market remain unclear :
So far most major projects are in the early phases of development. They have enough detail so that they can bid for an allocation of public funding, but very few have specific offtakers ready to sign on the dotted line. Beyond those looking to directly swap gray hydrogen for green, most projects tout transport offtake that has not yet emerged or industrial offtakers that have not committed to investing in the conversion.
If the only sizeable demand comes from projects swapping gray for green, then the current policies and swelling project pipelines will lead to oversupply, said Gallagher. Essentially, if existing hydrogen production was fully decarbonized, the demand falls short of the 66 GW of electrolyzer capacity mapped out in existing policies.
With heat, shipping and aviation demand all further out of reach, Wood Mackenzie expects 80 percent of low carbon hydrogen deployed this decade to replace existing fossil fuel-derived hydrogen.
Gallagher said that the funding support for the sector was sufficient to see deployments drive down costs, just as wind, solar and lithium ion have done previously.
“It’s a question of if these sectors that have not consumed [hydrogen] before will be able to accept low carbon hydrogen,” he said. “That’s the real question.”
Source: greentechmedia
